Although the exact causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder are not fully understood, genetic, biological and environmental factors are thought to play a role in the development of OCD.
Causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Research into obsessive-compulsive disorder highlights the following findings regarding its causes:
- Genetic Predisposition: People with family members who have OCD are more likely to develop the disorder. This suggests that genetic factors may play a role in the development of OCD.
- Brain Chemistry: Abnormalities in the balance of neurotransmitters such as serotonin have been observed in the brains of people with OCD. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating mood, anxiety and behaviour.
- Brain Structure: There is evidence that certain areas of the brain function differently in people with OCD. In particular, functional changes have been identified in the connections between the basal ganglia and the orbitofrontal cortex.
- Environmental Factors: Traumatic experiences, stressful life events or serious infections during childhood (e.g. streptococcal infection) may play a role in the onset of OCD. Children of perfectionist or overprotective parents are also thought to be at a higher risk of developing OCD.
What are the symptoms of OCD?
The most characteristic symptoms of OCD are obsessions and compulsions, which may occur together or separately. These symptoms can greatly affect a person's daily life. Symptoms of OCD include:
- Unwanted, distressing and persistently recurring thoughts,
- Repetitive behaviours performed continually to bring these thoughts under control,
- Excessive worry about the need to perform these behaviours,
- Obsessions and compulsions interfering with daily activities,
- Experiencing only temporary relief despite performing compulsive actions.
